Tratamento de água com elevada carga sólida para consumo humano por ultrafiltração: análise preliminar de parâmetros físico-químicos e operacionais

Abstract

Water bodies have been drastically altered due to human actions, with increasing domestic and industrial pollution. Thus, water treatment emerges as an alternative to the consumption of water without health risks, with the objective of reducing or eliminating physical, chemical and biological contaminants. The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of water treated by the ultrafiltration system based on the potability standards described in the legislation in force in the country. The methodology began with the in situ determination of raw water and ex situ of treated water, using electrometric methods, as well as spectrophotometric determination of chemical parameters and the use of the jar test to determine the ideal amount of coagulant and sedimentation time. Thus, the results show great efficiency in removing turbidity and water color after treatment in the ultrafiltration system. The natural coagulant Tanfloc SG has been shown not to change the pH or increase the electrical conductivity of the water in the pretreatment, using as the ideal amount for coagulation the volume of 6.0 mL. Applying to the system, the amount of coagulant was 180 mL for 30 L of raw water, with sedimentation time of 17 minutes. In treated water, it was found that the chemical parameters: ammonia (NH3), nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), phosphate (PO43-) and sulfate (SO42-) are below the maximum values allowed by current legislation. The results show that the ultrafiltration system is efficient in treating high solids water after coagulant pretreatment, making it suitable for human consumption without health risks.