Perfil químico e avaliação inibitória das enzimas α-amilase e α-glicosidase dos extratos de espécies de Pthirusa sp. parasita de Syzygium cumini (jambolão) e Citrus sp. (limoeiro)

Abstract

Plant hydrolyzing enzyme inhibitors have been targeted for new drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Species of the Loranthaceae family are used to treat a variety of diseases including diabetes. This work aimed to characterize the chemical profile of extracts and fractions of Pthirusa sp. parasite Syzygium cumini and Citrus sp., determine the antioxidant activity, inhibitory action of the enzymes α-amylase and α-glycosidase. Hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves of Pthirusa sp. parasites of Syzygium cumini (LPACH) and Citrus sp. (LPL) through the Soxhlet apparatus and fractionated in increasing order as its polarity. The chemical profile of the extracts and fractions was based on the chromatic reactions in tubes and thin layer chromatography (CCD). Antioxidant activity was determined by inhibiting the DPPH radical. The inhibition of α-amylase was performed by the iodometric method and α-glucosidase by the colorimetric-enzymatic method. The LPL and LPACH extracts showed condensed tannins, terpenes, flavones, flavanonols, saponins and free steroids and (CCD) showed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in both extracts and the fractions with phenolic compounds profile. The LPL extract showed antioxidant capacity. For α-amylase inhibition the LPACH and LPL extracts showed this activity, but all fractions were not active. For α-glucosidase inhibition the extracts and their fractions exhibited inhibitory activity. The results stimulate the continuity of this work for isolation and identification of antioxidant substances and enzyme inhibitors in extracts and fractions.