Estudo da interação magnética entre ímãs baseado em experimentos de mecânica estática

Abstract

Magnetism is studied to this day through the interactions between a magnetic field and a moving charged particle, or between two conductors with parallel currents. These phenomena are not observable, since one cannot see a proton or an electron isolated in nature free from electrical interaction. The impossibility of visualizing such phenomena makes it difficult to obtain experimental data for the calculation of magnetic force, or require equipment that not all educational institutions have. It is noted that these facts contribute to the complexity of the subject, and it is not so simple to contextualize it with students' daily life, which is recommended by documents such as the BNCC, which may cause or add to the absence or even absence of this study. in physics classes. Noting that for this contextualization of the content taught in the classroom, with phenomena already observed by the students, experimental classes, both demonstrative and manipulative, are a very didactic way to make this connection.Looking at these perspectives, this work proposes an unconventional approach and easy contextualization with students' daily life, through the interaction between two magnets, for the study / learning of magnetism in physics teaching. In this sense, three different experimental activities were used to corroborate a mathematical model for the calculation of the magnetic force, as a function of the distance, of interaction between two neodymium-iron-boron magnets in cylindrical shape with diameter 12mm and height 6mm. We could observe from the analysis of the results of this work, where it was statistically proven that the proposed model is compatible with the data obtained experimentally in the three activities performed.This shows that the model proposed here can be used to calculate the interaction force between magnets of this specificity in any experimental activity requiring only the distance between them. This model can be used in any elementary school because, besides requiring easily accessible materials, it can be easily contextualized with the students' daily life, as it is a very common phenomenon.