Efeitos da adubação fosfatada e de sombreamento na composição química e rendimento do óleo essencial de piper tuberculatum jack

Abstract

The present work sought to analyze the effects of phosphate fertilization and shading on the chemical composition and yield of the essential oil of Piper tuberculatum Jack. The process that Piper tuberculatum plants were planted has as its main factor the phosphate fertilization in the form of triple superphosphate in different concentrations of (0, 60, 90 and 120) and different shading levels of (80% and 50%). The collection of material was carried out from the month of August in the urban region of the city of Itacoatiara-Am. Through hydrodistillation, using a Clevenger apparatus, eight samples of essential oils were obtained. Each essential oil sample obtained has a different shading and fertilization percentage ratio. As a result, the following yields were obtained according to the characteristic of its species: (PT/AD0/S80%) - 0.2195%, (PT/AD0/S50%) - 0.0278%, (PT/AD60/ S80%) - 0.0151%, (PT/AD60/S50%) - 0.0084%, (PT/AD90/S80%) - 0.0140%, (PT/AD90/S80%)-0.0095% , (PT/AD120/S80%)-0.0073% and (PT/AD120/S80%) - 0.0144%, of which it can be inferred that fertilization (0) and shading (80%) favor a increase in essential oil content. The samples were analyzed by ESI - MS mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization, where the major compounds found were β-caryophyllene, in addition to the compounds apiol and dilapiol. Considering the variety of substances found, it was possible to observe the relevance of this study in increasing the EO yield of the species, it is expected to continue this study for the isolation of its major constituents and biological evaluation.