Caracterização física e química de sedimento originário da formação Solimões, Benjamin Constant, Amazonas

Abstract

In Amazonas, there are two large basins, the latter. Amazons and Solimões. It is composed of red and gray clay, with layers of shells and lignite, in addition to being very rich in plant and animal fossils. Siltstones and sandstones are other sedimentary rocks that are also present in the Solimões Formation. Thus, the objective was to characterize the morphological, physical and chemical attributes, from two soil profiles originated from sedimentary material of the Solimões formation. The study area is located in the upper Solimões region, in the municipality of Benjamin Constant, state of Amazonas. Thus, the objective was to characterize the morphological, physical and chemical attributes, from two soil profiles originated from sedimentary material of the Solimões formation. On the Solimões river bank, the results indicate the Silte fraction as predominant followed by clay and sand, different from the results of profile 02. Profile 01 (bank of Solimões) has a finer granulometric formation, for the studied depth. In layer 6 of profile 01 is seen the highest cation exchange capacity (T), 165 cmol (C).dm-3, very different from the other layers. It is noted that this value originates from the high contents of Hydrogen (H+) and Exchangeable Aluminum (Al3+), present in charcoal (Lignite). Profile 02 (right bank of Solimões), when compared to profile 01, the layers show results with lower acidity and greater chemical richness, as can be seen in the high cation exchange capacity (T) ranging from 25 to 42 cmol (C). dm-3, and ample base saturation (V), which exceeds 95%, in all layers. The Solimões formation in Benjamin Constant's Municipality is heterogeneous in physical and chemical attributes, but in the Solimões bank the predominance is of finer material such as silt and clay, far from the bank, the predominance is sand, followed by silt and clay. Lignite (charcoal), in the Solimões Formation, has high levels of chemical elements, due to its capacity to retain/absorb loads. The chemical richness in the Solimões formation is more expressive in the Solimões margin and in greater depths, indicated by the high levels of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus.