Determinação do teor de fósforo em águas superficiais pelo método de espectrofotometria na regiãõ do UV- Vis

Abstract

Phosphorus determination can be performed using different techniques such as molecular absorption spectrophotometry, ion chromatography, phosphorescence, atomic emission spectrometry, among others. The present work aims to propose a narrative review on the determination of Phosphorus content in surface waters by the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Among the works reviewed, phosphate concentrations in water samples using the spectrophotometric detection technique reached the linear range of (0.1-1.0 mg P L-1 ) without needing an automation strategy. In automated continuous flow phosphate analysis, the linear range (0.002-0.062 mg P L-1 ) was obtained as a detection limit (0.002 mg P L-1 ). Using the colorimetric technique, the mean value of phosphate was 5.7±0.2 mg P L-1 , taking into account the eutrophication level of the pond; they concluded that phosphorus was the factor that did not agree with the resolution of CONAMA. Also, a phosphate content of 0.096 (mg P L -1 ) was found. This value is within the limits of CONAMA legislation, this concentration is suitable for consumption. Therefore, surface water pollution by urban, agricultural and industrial activities stands out, capable of jeopardizing water quality and human health. It is also described that the excess of nutrients such as N and P in the water, favors the development of decomposing microorganisms that quickly consume the oxygen dissolved in the water, resulting in the death of aerobic beings by asphyxia. It is concluded that the analytical techniques reviewed in the determination of phosphate in water can contribute to the control of aquatic environments degraded by eutrophic events.