Desenvolvimento fenológico do período reprodutivo em clones de café canéfora (conilon e robusta) cultivados no sul do Amazonas

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the maturation of the fruits of coffee in the municipality of Humaitá-Am, carried out at the Mangabeiras Experimental Farm, belonging to the Institute of Agriculture and Environment Education - IEAA, Federal University of Amazonas - UFAM, Humaitá campus. The experiment was installed according to the experimental design of randomized blocks, with four blocks, containing 8 replications, plots constituted in fourteen rows, presenting four surrounds (two sides, one front and one behind), the plants are spaced 3 m between lines x 1.00 m between plants. The evaluations occurred from the large flowering, in mid-September, until the month of June, being evaluated the chumbinho stages, expansion of fruits, green grain, green cane, cherry and raisin, comprising most of the maturation cycle of the coffee crop, being analyzed in percentages, from the selected branch. The unit composes the intermediate maturation clones (BRS 1216, BRS 2299, BRS 3210, BRS 3213, BRS 3220); late maturation (BRS 2314, BRS 2336, BRS 2357); and early maturation (BRS 3137, BRS 3193). The clones from Ouro Preto BRS 57, BRS 160, Clone 09 and Clone 15 are of intermediate maturation. The beginning of the great flowering occurred on September 3/2021, moving to the chumbinho and fruit expansion stages, in september, October, November and December. In January, fruit granation began, which continued until April, after, the fruits go to the green sugarcane stage, respectively in May, fast phase of the fruit, presenting in this period, temperatures on average of 26 ºC and precipitation of 0.03mm that influenced the maturation of the fruits, allowing the fruit to mature, phase known as cherry stage. The occurrence of the stage passes was observed in June, when the fruits begin the process of self drying. BRS 3213 obtained the highest percentage of cherry grain (2.29%) and raisins (0.43%). Clone 09 obtained the lowest percentage for the cherry stage (0.44%).