Desinformação, fake news e redes sociais digitais: uma análise das checagens do Projeto Comprova na eleição presidencial brasileira de 2022

Abstract

Disinformation and fake news are increasingly recurrent phenomena in political-electoral scenarios, especially due to the strength they have gained in the digital social networks environment. In the general elections in Brazil in 2022, for example, there was a colossal volume of false and disinformational content disseminated on digital platforms, which ended up deceiving part of the population. With that in mind, this research aims to identify and analyze the fake news and disinformation checked by the Comprova Project about the 2022 presidential election in Brazil. distinguishes the concepts and characteristics of the main terms and arrives at a current discussion about the post-truth era. In addition, it addresses the role of online social networks in political campaigns and correlates them with the spread of lies, using the Brazilian electoral context of 2018 as one of the examples of disinformational chaos in the country, as well as pointing out fact-checking agencies as possible paths to combat misinformation and fake news. To further elucidate the proposed investigation, the study uses a quali-quantitative approach, performs a netnographic research (KOZINETS, 2014) on the Comprova Project website and appropriates Content Analysis (CA), theory by Laurence Bardin (2011), to interpret and classify the fake news and disinformation that affected Jair Bolsonaro (PL) and Lula da Silva (PT), the main candidates of the 2022 presidential election. 1) Thematic; 2) To whom it favored or disfavored; 3) Social networks used; 4) Production format. The results achieved indicate that the analyzed contents more frequently addressed the theme of “Manifestations of support or repudiation”, significantly disfavored candidate Lula da Silva, were published more often on TikTok and Twitter and were disseminated, preferably, in the format of videos.