Óleo de Andiroba (Carapa guianensis Aublet): das características Botânicas à extração do óleo

Abstract

Andiroba, a species belonging to the Meliaceae family, of multiple use of great economic interest, especially for its medicinal properties. The objective of study was to carry out a bibliographic review in scientific articles on the production of andiroba oil (Carapa Guianensis aublet) considering from its botanical, agronomic and physicochemical characteristics and its relations with oil quality. Through scientific articles on the species Carapa Guianensis aublet behind keywords: 'andiroba', 'Carapa Guianensis',' and andiroba seed storage methods', 'Andiroba oil extraction process',' physical composition- Andiroba oil chemistry ',' extraction, marketing and uses of Andiroba oil ',' medicinal use of Andiroba oil ',' and and andiroba seed predation '. Using the bibliometric technique, research data was collected in the databases: articles, books, theses, dissertations in international and national magazines, among others, in the Google Academic Search bases, Portal Periodicals Scielo. Fixed oil has been characterized as A/O: acidity index, saponification index, iodine index, meq/kg peroxide index, refractive index (zeiss 40ºC), fatty acid density and composition. The physicochemical results have shown that andiroba oil extracted handcrafted fit within the standards recommended by the quality regulatory organs of vegetable oils. The chemical composition of andiroba oil (carapa guianensis aubl.), Presenting the following major fatty acids in the oil sample that are: oleic acid (48-59%), palmitic (21-32%), steric (6-13 %), linoleic (4.9-16), linolenic (9-16%) and myristic (7.1-18.1%), totaling 95.74%of oil composition and concentration, being unsaturated fatty acid representing 58.8%and saturated 36.99%, as they demonstrated that the most unsaturated fatty acids found in oil is oleic acid (49.74%) and higher -proportion saturated fatty acids is palmitic acid (28.29% ) Represented in the Constituents of Oil. This chemical composition of andiroba oil vary greatly the fractions of each acid, depending on climatic factors (temperature, seasonal effect, light intensity), storage, can directly influence results. KEYWORDS: andirobeira, artisanal extraction, fatty acids.