Energia integral e caracterização hidráulica de solos sob cultivo de açaí em diferentes posições da paisagem no sul do Amazonas

Abstract

Research involving the physical water dynamics and soil quality that are best suited to the growth of the açaí crop are still limited and need to be externalized to the producing community, so that the main physical limitations that impact the growth and development of this culture can be exposed according to different managements. The objective of this study is: to quantify the integral energy of water in the soil and hydraulic characterization of the soil under açaí cultivation in southern Amazonas. The açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) experimental area is located at Agropecuária Rossato, BR 230 km 05, municipality of Humaitá-AM. In the area that totals 18ha, studies have been developed with the cultivar BRS-Pará, which at the end of June/2023, the plants completed 3 years and 4 months of age. Mini trenches approximately 50 cm long, 50 cm wide and 75 cm deep were opened for soil sampling. The soil profiles were divided into two layers: 0.0-0.2 m and 0.2-0.4 m, the collection points were distributed in three different conditions present in the sample area, which are a low slope area, half slope and a high top area. Physical-hydric analyzes were carried out (total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, soil density and textural analysis. Analyzes were also carried out regarding the physical indices of integral water energy in the soil, water retention curve in the soil and S index of soil quality. Descriptive statistics analyzes were carried out in order to obtain the distributions of mean, median, variance, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the distribution regarding the results obtained. Pearson's correlation matrix between. By quantifying the integral energy of water and the S index of the soil, it enabled the understanding of the hydraulic behavior under açaí cultivation and how its physical limitations can affect the water availability for the culture.