Procedimento operacional padrão de higiene bucal em pacientes internados em UTIs: revisão integrativa

Abstract

The deficiency or absence of oral care in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU) are associated with the development of local infections that compromise their systemic condition, with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) and oral candidiasis being the most common. The maintenance of oral hygiene, in addition to the early diagnosis and treatment of oral alterations, help in the evolution of these patients' conditions by reducing the number of incidence of pathogenic microorganisms. The implementation of the Standard Operating Protocol (SOP) for oral hygiene in these units makes oral cavity care a routine procedure. From this, this work consists of an integrative review to evaluate oral hygiene POPsin patientsin ICUs available in the literature. The research was carried out by searching the State NationalLibrary of Medicine (PubMed/MEDLINE), Virtual Health Library (BVS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) and Cochrane Library databases for publications from 2013 to 2022, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, using the terms: “Oral Care”; “Oral Hygiene”; “Mouth Care”; “Intensive Care Unit”; “Preventive Dentistry”; “Dental Devices”; “Guideline”. Articles that addressed standardized oral hygiene practices adopted for individuals in ICUs were included, including in gray literature. Review studies, editorials, reflection articles and those that did not have the full text available were excluded. The searchobtained a total of 613 articles, excluding articles indexed in more than one database, 604 remained. According to the search eligibility criteria, the examiners selected 11 articles that presented relevant information to this work. Therefore, it was possible to gather references with different standardized procedures and evaluate their common and divergent points. The results showed the use of several types of oral hygiene protocols and chlorhexidine, in differentconcentrations, was the most used material. In addition, there was a prevalence of toothbrush use and brushing technique among the standardized procedures analyzed. We conclude that there are several materials, methods and standardized recommendations in the literature for the oral hygiene of patients in ICUs according to their profile and the presence of the dental surgeon is essential for diagnosing the needs of patients, developing effective protocols and providing guidance to professionals responsible for execution of this.