Diversidade beta da comunidade arbórea das campinaranas do baixo Rio Negro - AM

Abstract

Questions about the organization, dynamics and limiting factors behind sets of species that coexist in space in a given time interval dominate the field of community ecology. Studies focused on diversity involving landscape coverage (area and connectivity), evolutionary factors (rate of diversification and pace of evolution) and ecological factors (energy, water and environmental heterogeneity). In turn, composition studies do not emphasize patterns of similarity between species within a community. Whereas a community is a set of organisms that occurs on a given surface or randomly delimited volume. Thus, the general objective of this research was to analyze the plant communities found in different patches of campinaranas in central Amazonia, comparing their floristic similarity and their relationship with the local vegetation types, both at the species and family levels. 15 areas are tested, 5 from two articles already published and 10 from own data (Project - Recovery of sandy soils in campinaranas degraded by sand mining to trigger the ecological restoration of this ecosystem, public call 001/2020 - FAPESP - FAPEAM). In all, 346 morphospecies were found, of these 249 determined to the specific level, belonging to 55 families. In the cluster analysis, it was noted the formation of three groups, the first containing more open areas, with greater exposure to light, with high values ​​of similarity, ranging from 80 to 90%, the second group basically composed of forested campinaranas with values ​​of similarity, ranging from 15 to 55%, the third and smallest group, with the three areas of RDS Tupé with similarity values, ranging from 35 to 60%. In addition, we observed that the pristine forested campinarana had a high number of indicator species, but only seven had an indicator value greater than 50% and that 21 species are campinarana indicators. Beta diversity was significantly high, demonstrating that campinaranas are not as poor in terms of species as often found in the literature, with particular characteristics for each sample without necessarily being related to the type of environment.