Desenvolvimento e implementação de um protótipo de sistema térmico utilizando controlador PID

Abstract

This work presents the development and implementation of a power controller prototype for thermal systems. The main objective was to control the temperature variation of an estimated environment using a circuit composed of an LM35 temperature sensor, a second-order low-pass filter of the Sallen-Key type, a ZMPT101B voltage sensor, an ACS712 current sensor, an 8-module relay, and a fan. The LM35 sensor is responsible for monitoring the internal temperature of the environment, the low-pass filter plays a crucial role in signal stabilization and noise reduction, ensuring the system operates efficiently, while the voltage sensor (ZMPT101B) detects variations in electrical supply, and the current sensor (ACS712) measures the current consumed. This integration of components offers an effective solution for thermal control, with potential applications in various industrial sectors. The hardware was programmed using the Arduino programming language. During the tests, the system was expected to stabilize through programmed temperature oscillations, ranging from 40°C to 60°C and returning to 50°C in increments of 5°C every 6 minutes. Throughout the test, a fan remained on to ensure uniform heat distribution inside the box. The results obtained were positive and satisfactory, demonstrating that the system is capable of maintaining the desired temperature throughout the heating and cooling process, proving the effectiveness of the implemented power controller.