Qualidade da casca de ovos de galinhas revestidos com extrato de geoprópolis em diferentes períodos de armazenamento

Abstract

The shell of the chicken egg (Gallus domesticus) has layers, such as the cuticle, crystalline, palisade, mammillary and membranes, which have peculiarities that are influenced by several factors for their formation, serving as protection against impacts, ensuring good formation in the commercial scope protecting against contaminants and external agents that affect the internal quality of the egg, any variations in the layers of the egg shell can influence the quality of the shell. Research shows that the organic layers of the egg end up losing their functionality over time, causing the egg to lose its first barrier of defense, weakening the other layers and affecting the internal content with a loss of quality. Based on this, it is essential to search for alternatives that can help maintain their preservation during the storage period. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of the layers that make up the shell of commercially produced eggs coated with a geopropolis extract stored at room temperature for different intervals and times. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory of the Institute of Social Sciences, Education and Zootechnics – ICSEZ, at the Federal University of Amazonas, in the city of Parintins/AM. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (DIC), in a 6x3 factorial scheme, with the factors: coating (control and inclusions of geopropolis extract at levels of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), and 3 storage periods with evaluation (1, 14 and 28 days) and 3 repetitions, in which each egg represented one experimental unit. On days 1, 14 and 28 of storage, three eggs were broken, their internal components were removed and the shells were dried in ovens. After drying, they were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Data analysis was carried out with the aid of the SISVAR statistical analysis system (Sistema de Análises Estatísticas e Genéticas, 2010) with the criterion of 5% probability. The data were then subjected to analysis of variance, with the means compared using the Tukey test. In the crystalline layer, a significant difference in the interaction was found, proving the need for further analysis of the composition of this layer, to elucidate the means that led to this difference. According to the results analyzed in the present project, the use of more than 20% of geopropolis alcoholic extract proved to be viable in maintaining the quality parameters of the shell, especially in the layers of the cuticle and internal membranes.