O emprego de fármacos análogos ao GLP-1 para o tratamento da obesidade e sobrepeso

Abstract

Obesity is a complex chronic disease defined by excessive fat deposits that can impair health and may promote the onset of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, among others. Therefore, the central analysis of this study aims to understand the efficacy of the drugs Semaglutide, Liraglutide, and Dulaglutide in individuals with high Body Mass Index (BMI) and their mechanisms of action in weight loss. This study was developed through an integrative review of databases and scientific journals specific to the health field, based on a bibliographic analysis and data synthesis conducted using eligibility criteria in databases such as SciELO, PUBMED, MEDLINE, the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), and the PAHO - Pan American Health Organization Library Collection, published in the last 10 years, from 2014 to 2024. Therefore, this study compiles original and experimental research on the variability of these drugs in treating obesity, considering mortality rates and efficacy indices, as well as their epidemiology. It also highlights the impact on public health due to off label use without medical guidance and the risks associated with self-medication. The results show that GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide, are effective in treating obesity and overweight, promoting weight loss and improvements in biochemical parameters. Semaglutide stands out for its weekly application and better cost-effectiveness, while liraglutide, with daily administration, and dulaglutide, which requires combinations with other medications, present additional challenges. The research highlights the importance of these treatments in improving patients' quality of life.