Identificação probabilística da capacidade de hospedagem de postos de recarga de veículos elétricos nas redes de subtransmissão da região metropolitana de Manaus sob critérios operativos da estabilidade de tensão.

Abstract

The popularization of electric vehicles is one of the solutions aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, despite posing a potential burden on unprepared electrical grids. The diffusion of this mode of transportation, driven by market growth despite the COVID-19 pandemic, underscores the appeal of the product and the transformation of the electric mobility landscape. This study aims to analyze the operational conditions of the subtransmission network in the metropolitan region of Manaus in light of periodic load growth and the connection of charging stations. The analytical metrics used are the hosting capacity of charging stations and the voltage stability margin over a ten-year period, via continuous load flow analysis. This method starts from a known operating point and a load growth step to obtain the maximum system loading point and the PV curve. This allows evaluating the proximity of the operating point to the maximum loading point, which translates into the voltage stability margin. Hosting capacity is determined based on the maximum loading point and indicates the number of charging stations that can be connected to the grid. The variation in the operating point, the number of charging stations, and the number of bars considered for connection constitute the experiments conducted to stress the system, revealing that specific points in the subtransmission network are unprepared to meet the increasing demand for electric power represented by charging stations. The voltage stability margin proves to be inversely proportional to the periodic increase in load and the number of charging stations connected. Hosting capacity is directly affected by the periodic load growth and the maximum loading point, a limiting factor for this magnitude. Thus, attention must be focused on the existing electrical infrastructure, and its reinforcement should be carefully considered to enable the full operation of the electrical system.