Avaliação de indicadores de sustentabilidade do manejo do pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Schinz,1822) na etnia Kaixana na comunidade São Francisco no município de Tonantins - AM

Abstract

Sustainability indicators are essential to guarantee the conservation of this iconic species, as well as the wellbeing of the local ommunity that depends on this fishery as a means of subsistence. In this sense, the objective of this research was to understand the sustainability indicators for the management of pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822) in the Kaixana ethnic group in the community of São Francisco, in the municipality of Tonantins in Amazonas. The research, supported by the Federal University of Amazonas, had as its target audience the managers and the management president, in the Iumaca longa, Papucu, Moura and Rosa lakes. The approaches that were used are based on qualitative and descriptive methodologies. As a focus on the three dimensions of sustainability indicators, the following steps were carried out: Characterization of the socioeconomic profile of the managers, before and after implementation; description of the economic flowchart; survey of the management implementation history. The results were described according to informants' reports through lived realities that were important for data analysis and coding. The SWOT/SWOT matrix was used as a tool to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of management activities. It was found that in the actions of the management group there were improvements in several aspects, in the ecological dimension there was an increase in pirarucus populations, the revival of lakes and a reduction in impacts on aquatic ecosystems, including the improvement of water quality, preservation of habitats, diversities biological processes and ecosystem resilience. In the economic dimension, it was found that there was an improvement in the annual monetary income from management. In the social dimension, active and engaged participation of 20 families was observed during the management processes, ensuring that the practices adopted were socially appropriate and the profits were divided in an equitable manner. Therefore, the indicators evaluated in the management of arapaima demonstrate the establishment of sustainability in the community of the Kaixana ethnic group in São Francisco, promoting not only the conservation of arapaima, but also of other species, bringing balance to the aquatic ecosystem and the well-being of the local community.