Óleos essenciais obtidos de espécies vegetais da Amazônia contra vetores de doenças de impacto na saúde pública

Abstract

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of Dengue, however, it is capable of transmitting other diseases through its bite such as Zika virus, Chikungunya, and Yellow Fever. Over the years, the mosquito has been adapting to climate changes and strengthening biologically. In order to evaluate the larvicidal and adulticidal potential of essential oils obtained from species such as Virola sp, and Endlicheria sp, the present study addresses the use of the analytical technique Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) to evaluate and identify the volatile compounds present in the essential oils. In addition to the technique mentioned, the present study addressed biological assays such as larvicidal and adulticidal tests using both essential oils. The results obtained through GC-MS showed the presence of monoterpenes 56% and sesquiterpenes 42.2% in the essential oil obtained from Endlicheria sp, and in the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Virola sp, the following substances were identified: β-selinene composing (40.71%), α-selinene (20.3%), trans-caryophyllene (17.8%), and αhumulene (5.42%). As for the biological assays, for the larvicidal test of Endlicheria sp, an LC50 of 31.16 µg/mL and LC90 of 121.66 µg/mL were obtained, and for Virola sp, only the mortality rate was determined with the highest index at a concentration of 125 µg/mL. Regarding the adult test, both species showed activity, therefore, the essential oil of Endlicheria sp, showed an LC50 of 36.03 µg/mL and LC90 of 87.58 µg/mL, while the essential oil of Virola sp, showed LC50 of 56.93 µg/mL and LC90 of 86.54 µg/mL. In this context, in view of the results obtained, it was possible to determine the larvicidal and adulticidal activity of the essential oils extracted from the selected plant species, thus demonstrating the high insecticidal potential against a vector of highly impactful public health diseases in Amazonas, and Brazil.