O Egito faraônico no período Amarniano (1352-1336 a.c): culto, diplomacia, poderes e problematizações

Abstract

The Amarnian period is the periodization created by Egyptology to refer to the years between 1352 and 1336 BC, the 18th dynasty of Pharaonic Egypt, in the context of the new empire. This is the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV, later called Akhenaten. In his reign, the pharaoh established a religious reform and modified the Egyptian pantheon, naming the god Aten - the sun disk - as the only god. The implantation of a sort of “monotheism” in a polytheistic civilization has been a subject of huge controversy in Egyptology since the 19th and 20th centuries. The present work brings problematizations about the historiographical debates, the divine facet of the pharaoh Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten), the development of god Aten’s cult, and the female presence in the sociocultural issues represented by the queens Nefertiti and Tiye. Considering this part of the pharaonic history of significant changes, the following sources were adopted: The Great Hymn to Aten, Stele of Suti and Hor, The Amarna Letters and iconographic analyses.