Os mortos e suas moradas na terra dos barés: o fim dos enterros nas igrejas e seus arredores e a construção do Cemitério de São José, em Manaus (1848-1859)

Abstract

For millennia, in the West and in other parts of the world, living and dead have lived in the same space, maintaining very direct relations. People, in the desire to have greater contact with the Sacred, were buried inside the parishes and cathedrals, as well as in the lands that were around them. This daily life present in villages, towns and large cities began to disappear between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th, when hygienist speeches and the practices of standardizing spaces, seeing corpses as dangers to public health, imposed the construction of remote cemeteries. the urban area and the prohibition of burials inside the temples and surroundings. In Brazil, in the Colonial period, attempts were made to end traditional burials. The Portuguese Empire, through the Royal Charter of 01/14/1801, determined the prohibition of burials in the churches of its overseas possessions and the construction of cemeteries for this purpose. This law was not enforced. In the Imperial period, the Law of October 1, 1828, which reorganized the City Councils, determined, in paragraph 2 of Article 66, that the City Councils of the Empire, in dialogue with ecclesiastical authorities, should establish cemeteries outside the temples. Like the Royal Charter of 1801, it had no effect. Brazilian public cemeteries would start to appear only in the second half of the 19th century. In this way, it is intended to analyze in the present work how the changes in funeral practices took place in the city of Manaus in the second half of the 19th century, taking as a starting point the first discussions present in the 1848 Code of Municipal Postures. doctors entered the region, being reinforced by the serious epidemics that hit the capital between the years 1855 and 1856, which culminated in the construction of the São José Cemetery (1856-1859), which marked the beginning of a new form of the population of Manaus related to with death and the dead.