Levantamento e incidência de doenças em culturas agrícolas em propriedades rurais da comunidade Nossa Senhora da Paz em Itacoatiara-AM

Abstract

Small producers in rural communities in Itacoatiara, Amazonas, contribute to local production of vegetables, fruits, and grains, especially when considering the agricultural vocation of each producing municipality. However, agricultural productivity can be harmed by the occurrence of plant diseases, both those that affect only the leaf parts resulting in direct interference with photosynthesis and smaller fruits or grains, as well as diseases that affect the entire plant (such as those caused by vascular pathogens and viruses), and diseases that directly affect the organ that will be sold (the grain, fruit, leaf, or legume), making them unfit for consumption. Therefore, a phytopathological diagnosis is necessary on the producing properties in Itacoatiara to understand which diseases, and when and how often they appear, and thus provide a more secure basis for the adoption of disease control measures, increase and improve the quality of local production, and assist local producers in their production processes. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the incidence of plant diseases present in producing areas of the Nossa Senhora da Paz Community in Itacoatiara - AM. Four properties in the rural area were selected to compose the study. The study involved collecting samples of symptomatic plants, isolating phytopathogens associated with lesions and quantifying the incidence of diseases. The diseases with the highest incidence in crops were: yellow Sigatoka in banana trees, anthracnose in soursop and passion fruit trees, and fusariosis in passion fruit trees, caused by fungi of the genera Mycosphaerella, Colletotrichum and Fusarium, causal agents of Sigatoka, anthracnose and fusariosis, respectively.