Monitoramento sazonal da água subterrânea na área urbana do município de Apuí-AM

Abstract

Water consumption is essential for human survival, however, it is essential that it is free from any form of contamination, whether chemical, physical or microbiological in nature. Therefore, it is necessary to treat water in accordance with the standards established by regulatory bodies, in order to eliminate any microorganisms present in it before consumption. Groundwater is sought after as an alternative source due to its generally adequate quality due to the soil's ability to act as a natural filter, contributing to the purification of these waters. The objective of this study was to carry out seasonal monitoring of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of groundwater from supply wells in the urban area of ​​the municipality of Apuí-AM. For this purpose, water samples were collected in eight deep tubular wells, in different locations, during periods of drought and flooding. In the physical-chemical analyses, the parameters defined for evaluation were pH, total hardness, nitrite, nitrate, manganese, iron, aluminum, color, turbidity, total solids and electrical conductivity. The microbiological analyzes carried out were thermotolerant coliforms, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. Subsequently, the results were compared with the limit values ​​established by GM/MS Consolidation Ordinance No. 888, of May 4, 2021, on water potability. The results showed that the majority of wells presented a pH within the permitted range (6.0 to 9.5) during the two periods analyzed, except PT-1, which presented an acidic pH (5) in both seasons. For turbidity, values ​​above the permitted value (5.0 UT) were obtained in wells PT-1, PT-6, PT-9 and PT-10 during the low tide and in wells PT-1, PT-5, PT-6, PT-9 and PT-10 during the flood. Wells PT-5, PT-6, PT-9 and PT-10 showed high iron levels at both times. Elevated values ​​of total manganese were found in several wells during low water, but were within limits during high water. Microbial contamination was detected in several wells, with water quality improving at the time of the flood, but still persisting in some cases. Therefore, the importance of analyzing the quality of water intended for human supply and the need for corrective actions are highlighted, highlighting their relevance to guarantee public health.