Ouro de sangue: exportações e a escalada do desmatamento e garimpo ilegal em terras Yanomami (2008-2022)

Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between gold exports and the intensification of illegal mining and deforestation in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory between 2008 and 2022. Using a quantitative approach, linear regression models using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) were applied, supported by Gretl software, based on secondary data from official sources. The results demonstrate a positive correlation between the increase in the value of gold exports and the expansion of mining activity in Yanomami territory. Furthermore, it was found that the expansion of mining is directly associated with increased deforestation in the region. Conversely, per capita GDP growth was inversely related to mining activity, suggesting that improved local economic conditions can reduce pressure on Indigenous lands. The findings demonstrate that the international appreciation of gold, coupled with the weakness of oversight mechanisms, drives severe socio-environmental impacts on Indigenous communities and Amazonian ecosystems.