Qualidade pós-colheita de uvas de mesa comercializadas no município de Humaitá/AM

Abstract

Table grapes (Vitis sp.) are among the most consumed fruits in Brazil and worldwide, appreciated for their sweet flavor, versatility, and nutritional composition rich in vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. In addition to meeting market demand in their natural state, grapes also have significant socioeconomic importance, especially in producing regions. However, the quality of this product can be compromised by factors related to pre- and post-harvest handling, transportation, and storage, directly impacting consumer acceptability and compliance with legal requirements. Post-harvest quality assessment is therefore essential to ensure the marketing of fruit that meets established standards and promotes food safety. This study aimed to evaluate the post-harvest quality of table grapes (Vitis sp.) sold in supermarkets in the municipality of Humaitá, Amazonas, based on physical-chemical, dimensional, and visual parameters, in accordance with the criteria established in Normative Instruction/SARC No. 001/2002. Five samples were analyzed for soluble solids (SS) content, pH, titratable acidity (TS), SS/TS ratio, berry size, and the presence of visual defects classified as minor or severe. The results showed wide variation among the samples. Sample T1 (White) had a SS content below the minimum required (13.40°Brix), being considered immature and, therefore, unsuitable for sale fresh. Sample T3 stood out for its better sensory balance (SS/TS = 30.87), and sample T5 had the largest average size (23.67 mm). Visual evaluation indicated that samples T1, T3, and T4 had low levels of defects, compatible with the commercial categories Extra, I, or II. Samples in groups T2 and T5, however, showed a high incidence of rot and deep damage, characterizing serious defects and restricting their classification to the lower or out-of-category categories. The results highlight the importance of adopting good harvesting, selection, and storage practices to ensure the quality of the grapes offered to the consumer.