Evidências científicas sobre os efeitos da alimentação saudável na prevenção da hipertensão arterial: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a highly prevalent non-communicable chronic disease (NCD) globally. This condition is the central focus of this study, which aims to analyze the scientific evidence on the impact of healthy eating in its prevention. Objective: This study describes how adequate dietary patterns can reduce the risks associated with hypertension. A narrative literature review was conducted, encompassing studies published in the last five years (2020-2025), without language restrictions. Methods: The research was carried out in databases such as Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), CAPES Periodicals Portal, PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and grey literature (Google Scholar), using standardized descriptors such as "Hypertension," "Healthy diet," "Eating behavior," "Disease prevention," "Food and Nutrition Education," and "Food security". Initially, 26 articles were identified, undergoing a rigorous two-phase selection process (evaluation of titles/abstracts and full reading). Results: In the end, 10 articles were selected as theoretical references, and were analyzed regarding year of publication, country of origin, objective, methodological design, interventions, and main findings. Conclusion: The importance of healthy eating in the prevention of hypertension and the need for educational interventions adapted to cultural contexts are highlighted. The combination of knowledge and practice can reduce hypertension and improve quality of life. Furthermore, more research on diet and cardiovascular health is essential to create effective nutritional guidelines.