Perfil epidemiológico da malária na população rural de Coari – Amazonas, Brasil (2019 a 2023)

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological profile of malaria in rural communities of Coari, Amazonas, Brazil, between 2019 and 2023. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study based on secondary data from the SIVEP-Malaria system, including all confirmed cases among residents of rural areas. Sociodemographic, epidemiological, and clinical-laboratory variables were considered, and the analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. According to Brazilian National Health Council Resolution No. 510/2016, ethical review was not required, as the study used public, anonymized data. Results: A total of 8,143 cases were recorded, with a mean incidence of 79 per 1,000 inhabitants, and the highest rate observed in 2019 (107 per 1,000). There was a predominance of cases among males (58.1%), individuals aged 8 to 14 years (25.0%), those self-identified as mixed race (pardo) (89.7%), and farmers (57.6%). Plasmodium vivax accounted for 89.1% of infections, with 91.1% being symptomatic. Most cases were detected through passive case finding (52.3%), and the most commonly used treatment was chloroquine for three days combined with primaquine for seven days (84.0%). Conclusion: Malaria remains highly prevalent and persistent in rural areas, indicating the need to strengthen surveillance, diagnostic, and treatment actions.