Conservação vs. crescimento: o paradoxo da sustentabilidade nas Zonas Francas de Manaus e Shenzhen

Abstract

This study comparatively analyzes the sustainable development models of the Manaus Free Trade Zone (MFTZ) and the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone (SEZ), examining their economic, social, and environmental impacts. Using a descriptive and comparative methodology based on a literature review and secondary statistical data, the research evaluates the distinct development trajectories of both regions. In Shenzhen, rapid technology-driven economic growth led to profound urban transformation but also generated severe environmental degradation and social inequalities, which later required substantial remediation investments. In contrast, Manaus has experienced slower growth, heavily dependent on fiscal incentives, with an industrial concentration that indirectly contributes to forest preservation, despite persistent challenges related to social inequality and unplanned urbanization. The findings indicate that neither model is universally superior; rather, both offer complementary lessons for regional development strategies. Sustainable development depends on the capacity to integrate economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental conservation, highlighting distinct approaches of preventive conservation in Manaus and delayed corrective intervention in Shenzhen.