Análise energética e da justiça de corte na aplicação do controle Volt-Watt com uso da solução de barganha de Nash em redes de distribuição de baixa tensão sob conexão massiva de geração fotovoltaica

Abstract

The present work investigates the impact of high penetration of distributed photovoltaic generation in distribution networks, with emphasis on voltage control, technical losses, and equity among connected agents. First, the operational principles of inverters in smart grids are presented, with particular focus on the Volt-Watt and Volt-Var control functions and their effects on the network’s hosting capacity. Next, the OpenDSS software and Game Theory are introduced, with emphasis on cooperative games and the Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) as a tool to model coordinated decision-making among multiple prosumers. The proposed methodology integrates the NBS into the OpenDSS control algorithm, enabling the simulation of different levels of distributed generation penetration and various control strategies: operation without control, local control based on standard curves, and cooperative control via NBS. The obtained results show that operation without control becomes technically unfeasible at high penetration levels due to overvoltages and the sharp increase in losses. It is also observed that local control mitigates voltage violations, though at the cost of greater generation curtailment and reduced fairness among users. In contrast, the application of the NBS demonstrates a superior ability to reconcile voltage limit compliance, reduction of technical losses, and a more equitable distribution of operational impacts among prosumers.