Estudo do uso de resíduos plástico e pó de vidro em substituição parcial ao agregado miúdo na fabricação de argamassa para chapa cimentícia.

Abstract

Given the significant concern regarding the growing impacts generated by the improper disposal of plastic waste and the low recycling rate of glass, this research studied a mortar produced by replacing sand with low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste at levels of 0%, 50%, and 100%, in addition to the addition of 10% glass powder to fill voids. The raw materials were characterized in terms of chemical composition, structure, morphology, and particle size distribution. The mortar mix was defined according to literature studies, adopting a water/cement ratio of 0.5 and a 1:1 mix design (cement: sand). Three mortars, named AG0, AG50, and AG100 according to the replacement levels, were produced and characterized in terms of compressive strength, water absorption, and morphology by SEM. From these mortars, cementitious boards without fiber reinforcement were produced and evaluated for flexural tensile strength. After 28 days of curing, the compressive strengths were 30.68 MPa (AG0), 17.12 MPa (AG50), and 6.33 MPa (AG100), and the flexural strengths were 3.21 MPa, 2.08 MPa, and 1.45 MPa, respectively. It was found that increasing the substitution content reduced the mechanical strength; however, the values obtained are consistent with those reported by other authors, indicating potential application in construction materials. Thus, the proposal is configured as a sustainable alternative, reducing the impacts of sand extraction and promoting the reuse of waste.