Smart medidor de energia elétrica residencial: sistema IoT para monitoramento em tempo real e visualização web

Abstract

This work presents the development of a residential smart energy meter based on an IoT architecture using the ESP32 microcontroller. The system was designed to measure electrical quantities such as voltage, current, active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, and energy consumption in real time. Current and voltage signals are acquired through sensors, processed by the ESP32 using the EmonLib library, and transmitted via HTTP to a Node-RED server, where the data are stored, analyzed, and displayed on an interactive web dashboard. The proposed prototype allows continuous monitoring of household energy consumption, visualization of historical data, and identification of consumption patterns. Laboratory tests were conducted using resistive and inductive loads, and the measurements obtained were compared to a reference wattmeter. The results demonstrated adequate accuracy for residential applications, confirming the system’s stability, reliability, and potential for low-cost implementation. The project contributes to the advancement of intelligent metering solutions, supporting energy efficiency initiatives and enabling greater consumer awareness of their electricity usage.