Análise das ações civis públicas ambientais ajuizadas na Comarca de Humaitá-AM entre 2016 e 2024

Abstract

This study analyzed 25 Public Civil Environmental Actions filed in the Humaitá/AM district between 2016 and 2024, aiming to understand their effectiveness as an instrument of collective protection and to support reflections on socio-environmental protection in the Amazonian context. The research, of a documentary, exploratory, and descriptive nature, adopted a mixed-methods approach (quantitative and qualitative), organizing and classifying the cases by analytical indicators. The results reveal low levels of litigation, with an approximate average of three Public Civil Actions per year and no filings in certain periods. A predominance of actions related to the suppression of native vegetation was observed (21 cases), and only one case resulted in proven environmental remediation. Of the 25 cases analyzed, 24 remain in progress, mainly due to the difficulty in locating those responsible, lack of updated registration information, and the economic hardship of the offenders. This highlights weaknesses in the mechanisms for monitoring, accountability, and access to environmental justice. It is noteworthy that the municipality of Humaitá/AM is a regional hub serving surrounding rural communities, reinforcing the strategic importance of the location for monitoring and controlling environmental damage in the Amazon. By discussing the application of Public Civil Actions in the Amazonian territory, this work contributes to the understanding of legal effectiveness in ecological protection and offers subsidies for the improvement of public policies, especially those aimed at strengthening environmental monitoring, socio-environmental education, and procedural speed, with a view to sustainable development and environmental justice in the region.