Análise das vantagens comparativas das exportações do estado do Amazonas em relação ao Brasil

Abstract

The present research aims to analyze the comparative advantages revealed by exports from the State of Amazonas in relation to Brazil, in the period from 2000 to 2024, identifying the main sectors of specialization, their structural determinants and the influence of the incentive policies of the Manaus Free Trade Zone (ZFM) on regional competitiveness. The study adopted a quantitative, descriptive and exploratory approach, based on the collection and analysis of secondary data from official sources such as SUFRAMA, Comex Stat, IBGE and SEDECTI- AM. Indicators of revealed comparative advantage (IVCR), economic complexity and sectoral concentration were calculated, which showed that Amazonas maintains competitive performance above the national average, with IVCR ranging between 1.3 and 2.3, especially in the sectors of electronics, two-wheelers and optical products. The results showed that about 95% of Amazonian exports derive from companies linked to the ZFM tax regime, which confirms the institutional nature of regional comparative advantages. Although the state has higher production complexity indices than the average of the North Region, the high logistics costs, the dependence on imported inputs and the low densification of the production chains limit the consolidation of autonomous competitive advantages. It is concluded that the comparative advantages of Amazonas are predominantly built by fiscal policies and not by natural advantages, requiring technological modernization, the strengthening of logistics infrastructure and productive diversification as strategies to ensure its sustainability in the long term. The research contributes to the debate on the role of the Amazon in the national economy, demonstrating that the integration between industrial policy, innovation and environmental sustainability is essential to transform artificial advantages into lasting competitiveness.