Análise da concepção do trauma e as inovações técnicas da matriz ferencziana no tratamento de pacientes traumatizados

Abstract

This work examines trauma and its unfoldings in psychoanalysis through the contributions of Freud, Ferenczi, and Winnicott, with particular emphasis on the Ferenczian matrix. It begins with the Freudian conception of trauma as a rupture of the protective shield and as linked to the compulsion to repeat, while also highlighting the limits of this model when confronted with experiences that exceed symbolization. The Ferenczian matrix shifts the focus from the traumatic event to the bond, understanding trauma as a violation of human dignity, that is, a radical breach of the subject’s right to have their experience recognized. Such violation manifests especially through disavowal, when suffering is denied or discredited by the significant other, producing a relational failure that compromises trust in oneself and in the world. From this perspective, Ferenczi inaugurates a clinical ethic grounded in elasticity, tact, and testimonial listening, in which the analyst becomes a reliable presence capable of sustaining what could not be integrated. This conception broadens the notion of trauma beyond the individual sphere, making room for the notion of social trauma. In contexts marked by exclusion, inequality, and institutional silencing, the same mechanism of disavowal is repeated at a collective scale, producing shared wounds that demand recognition and listening. When articulated with Winnicott’s contributions on holding, environment, and the false self, the Ferenczian matrix offers conceptual and clinical tools to understand and address both individual and social suffering, reaffirming a psychoanalysis committed to subjective repair, relational reconstruction, and the restoration of trust.