A biomecânica na marcha de indivíduos com fibromialgia: estado da arte sobre os estudos biomecânicos conduzidos na população mundial

Abstract

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic, painful, non-inflammatory rheumatic syndrome that primarily affects adult women, compromising muscles and joints. The goal is to discuss the biomechanical variables of gait in individuals with FM, focusing on kinematic, dynamometric, and electromyographic parameters. Methodology: This is a systematic review, from 2011 to 2024, produced in 6 phases: 1st Phase: elaboration of the guiding question; 2nd Phase: search or sampling in the literature; 3rd Phase: data collection; 4th Phase: critical analysis of the included studies; 5th Phase: discussion of the results; 6th Phase: presentation of the integrative review, using the descriptors: “Fibromyalgia Syndrome” AND “Gait” AND “Biomechanical Phenomena” AND “Chronic Pain” AND “Muscle Strength” Chosen by searching through the DeCs – Descriptors in Health Sciences platform and Fibromyalgia Syndrome, FM, AND Gait AND Biomechanical Phenomena AND Chronic Pain AND Muscle Strength, on the MeSH- Medical Subject Heading platform. Fibromyalgia compromises gait at multiple levels: biomechanical, with instability and reduced speed; kinematic, with stride shortening and joint alterations; electromyographic, with abnormal muscle activation patterns and early fatigue; and dynamometric, with significant weakness and reduced torque. The deficits are related to pain, fatigue, stiffness, and depression, constituting a public health problem with high prevalence, characterized by neurobiological, physiological, and functional impacts. However, there is a need for controlled clinical trials, with representative samples and advanced technological resources, in order to reduce existing uncertainties, deepen the understanding of the mechanisms involved, and support the development of effective, evidence-based therapeutic strategies.