Radiação global em cultivo de café Canéfora a pleno sol: efeito na incidência da cercosporiose em diferentes cultivares

Abstract

Cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora coffeicola, is one of the most important foliar diseases of coffee, particularly in full-sun systems where high global radiation and water deficit intensify plant stress. This study evaluated the incidence of cercospora leaf spot in different Coffea canephora genotypes from August 2023 to July 2024 in Humaitá, Amazonas, and examined its relationship with regional climatic variables. The experiment was carried out in an experimental field where monthly assessments of disease incidence were conducted alongside continuous monitoring of temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and global radiation. The disease exhibited two distinct incidence peaks—August 2023 and February 2024—both coinciding with periods of elevated solar radiation and reduced water availability, conditions exacerbated by the 2023–2024 El Niño event. Among the evaluated genotypes, Clone 12, BRS 3220, and RO-C125 showed the lowest mean incidence, indicating higher tolerance to the pathogen, whereas BRS 2299 was the most susceptible. Overall, global radiation emerged as the key environmental driver of disease intensification in the region. These findings highlight the importance of adopting tolerant cultivars, implementing practices to mitigate light stress, and integrating climatic monitoring into disease management strategies.