Experimento ALICE: um estudo da expansão do plasma de quark-glúons via hidrodinâmica relativística

Abstract

The standard model of particle physics tells us that matter is composed of an elementary fermionic particle called quark and that its interactions are mediated by the gluon, which is a bosonic particle, it is known that they are confined in hadrons, the name given to a particle that has more than one elementary particle in its composition. When this hadronic matter is raised to extreme energy levels, the constituent quarks and gluons go through a state of deconfinement, this effect is present in the quark-gluon plasma, which is a state of matter studied by CERN through the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The ALICE experiment aims to study quark-gluon plasma through the collision of lead ions at relativistic energy levels with the aim of understanding its behavior, since it is believed that it was present in the first seconds of the universe, according to the Big Bang theory. In this work, a description of the expansion of quark-gluon plasma was carried out through the formalism of ideal relativistic hydrodynamics, which is a consequence of Einstein's theory of relativity, in order to present the hydrodynamic relations necessary for a more in-depth study of the topic.