Análise das partículas de caso e partículas modalizadoras presentes nos livros Nihongo Nōryoku Shiken Kōshiki Mondaishū N5 e N4 para o exame de proficiência em língua japonesa

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the frequency of case particles and modal particles in the Moji Goi and Bunpō Dokkai sections of the books Nihongo Nōryoku Shiken Kōshiki Mondaishū N5 (2013) and N4 (2013), as well as to compare the results obtained from these materials. To achieve this, the structure and functioning of the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) and the internal organization of the books were also examined. Among the specific objectives, the study highlights the survey of theoretical references on Japanese particles, the description of how they appear in the exercises, their quantitative occurrence, and the evaluation of the materials in their didactic function. The research adopted a quali-quantitative approach, based on scientific articles, monographs, academic journals, and reference works. Information regarding the JLPT was obtained from the Japan Foundation website, with the bibliographic survey restricted to materials available in Portuguese. The analysis of the particles found in the questions was limited to the Moji Goi and Bunpō Dokkai sections; the Chōkai section was excluded from the scope. The collected data were organized into Excel spreadsheets and analyzed using the AntConc software, following a statistical frequency method. This methodology made it possible to quantify particle occurrence and identify usage patterns between the two proficiency levels. The results revealed a predominance of the case particle に (ni) in both levels. A greater diversity of particles was observed in the N4 level, consistent with the increased linguistic complexity at that stage. The critical analysis showed that the books adequately reproduce the JLPT format and contribute to the development of linguistic skills, especially regarding particle usage. The activities demonstrate gradual progression and clear examples, although they require prior knowledge of Japanese, as no Portuguese translations are provided. In conclusion, this study contributes to the understanding of particle distribution in JLPT preparatory materials and offers support for future research as well as for the improvement of didactic resources aimed at teaching the Japanese language.