Imediatismo financeiro: o viés do desconto hiperbólico em jovens brasileiros com idade de 18 a 30 anos

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of financial immediacy and hyperbolic discounting bias on the decision-making process of young Brazilians aged 18 to 30. The overall objective of the research was to analyze how technological and socioeconomic factors reinforce the preference for instant gratification over future benefits. The theoretical framework was based on the principles of Behavioral Economics, exploring concepts such as Bounded Rationality, the Dual System of Thinking (System 1 and System 2), and Prospect Theory. Methodologically, a mixed-methods approach was adopted, using a quantitative survey with 42 respondents, selected by non-probabilistic convenience sampling, and an intersectional theoretical analysis. The results revealed a strong presence of present bias: 71.4% of participants preferred a smaller immediate reward to a larger one in 30 days. Furthermore, 66.7% of young people indicated that digital tools, such as PIX and "one-click" payments, increase the tendency for unplanned spending by reducing the "pain of paying. " A cognitive paradox was identified: although 54.8% demonstrate high concern about future stability, 71.4% do not have an emergency fund, highlighting a clear gap between intention and action. The study concludes that traditional financial education is insufficient to change behaviors based on failures of self-control, suggesting the implementation of interventions based on nudges and choice architecture to mitigate time myopia and promote long-term financial health.