Novos vizinhos, novas perspectivas: o discurso de moradores do entorno das Residências Terapêuticas em um bairro de Manaus

Abstract

The alarming situation of Mental Health in Brazil has become evident from the 1970s, when the first movement (inspired by European movements) aimed at improving the treatment offered to people in psychological distress in psychiatric hospitals due to disregard of rights human of internees, the poor services offered by these institutions and the worsening of psychiatric illness as a result of the method and asylum management. After decades of discussions and debates at conferences and health conferences, it was elaborated the Law of Psychiatric Reform in Brazil (Law 10,216), which aims to extinction of psychiatric hospitals and hospital systems asylum and the establishment of the Centers of Psychosocial Attention (CAPSs) and Therapeutic Residences (RTs) for tracking people in psychological distress. Nevertheless, its guidelines were fulfilled late, a fact confirmed in the state of Amazonas, in view of the still insufficient CAPSs to the demand of its population and the recent transfer of internal former patients at the Eduardo Ribeiro Psychiatric Center (CPER) to the RTs, located in the neighborhood Santa Etelvina in Manaus, called "Lar Rosa Bayla". In light of this recent change, proposed a research that aims to analyze the perceptions of neighborhood residents Santa Etelvina about the change of the former patients of CPER for RTs installed in the neighborhood, and identify the concept of "madness" according to residents of the neighborhood Santa Etelvina, know the experiences that they may have with people in psychological distress, and identify strategies to work possible preconceptions and questions about the effectiveness of psychiatric reform in the Amazon, as the locals are living and staying in direct contact with former inmates. The methodology used the phenomenological method of research, based on interviews with the residents about this issue, trying to understand the existing meanings in his speeches, through a research question, which could be broken down into several others for the better understanding the testimony of the participants. In short, we perceive social prejudice, intolerance and the myth of the person in psychic suffering disability, in addition to resistance from residents of the neighborhood to the establishment of RTs, continuing a vision of segregation and exclusion to the user of the mental health network. Nevertheless, in other speeches, he highlighted the importance of humane treatment to people in psychological distress and the shift in thinking about the sick individuals, through living for local residents with the residents of RT's. Thus, it is concluded that the community is still not able to receive the demand of the people in psychological distress, because there were no awareness campaigns about the direction of psychiatric reform. However, from these results, one can think of activities that can be developed between neighborhood residents together with recent residents of RTs, aiming at the real effectiveness of the psychiatric reform in the Amazon.